Description and Rationale

With recent advances in computing and modeling tools, and with growing challenges in terms of increase in population, urbanization, complexities in structural forms and innovative systems, the practicing structural engineers and designers nowadays need to equip themselves with various advanced skills. The demand and complexity is rapidly increasing for built environment including accommodation, offices, and commercial areas to accommodate rapidly growing urban population. Resultantly, the cities and infrastructure of future will need to be denser, complex and taller. These challenges require great expertise and computational capabilities in terms of using state-of-the-art nonlinear analysis procedures, latest computer modeling software and developing insight into the complex dynamic behavior of structures.

Pakistan is located on a highly earthquake-prone and seismically active part of the world. The country lies on a tectonically active Himalayan orogenic belt developed as a result of slow collision (extended over last 30-40 million years) among the Indian, Arabian, and Eurasian tectonic plates. This geological setting has resulted in a number of active seismic sources and faults in the region which are capable of producing moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes. Besides having a high level of seismic hazard, the country is also confronted over the years with high rate of population increase and rapid growth of urbanization. With all these challenges and high seismic risk, there is an urgent need of equipping the practicing engineers, designers, structural engineering students with state-of-the-art information about the latest structural design philosophies.

The performance-based design (PBD) approach is a recent shift in our understanding of structural design. It provides a systematic and flexible methodology for assessing the structural performance of a building, system or any component, as opposed to the cookbook type design methods prescribed in building codes. This methodology explicitly evaluates the response of the buildings under the potential seismic hazard while considering different probable site-specific seismic demand levels (Service Level Earthquake (SLE) and Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)). For this purpose, various state-of-the-art nonlinear analysis procedures and latest computer modeling tools are used to accurately determine the seismic demands of whole structure and its individual components.

This course aims to develop basic expertise and skill among UG students about various practical aspects of seismic design of buildings and structures.

Course Contents

1) Understanding the Seismic Hazard

a) Basics of Seismology and Seismic Hazard Assessment

o Basic Seismology

o Introduction to Seismic Hazard Analysis

► Playlist Title: Basics of Seismology and Seismic Hazard Analysis

Link: Click Here

b) Concepts of Spectral Acceleration and Response Spectrum

o Site-specific Response Spectrum

o Design Spectrum in Building Codes

Available Video Resources:

► Videos 14 to 19 of the following playlist.

Playlist Title: Basics of Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Link: Click Here

2) Code-based Seismic Analysis and Design Procedures (IBC 2021 and ASCE 7-16)

a) A Step-by-step IBC Approach to the Seismic Analysis and Design

b) A Quick Review of all Seismic Analysis Procedures

c) Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure

Available Video Resources:

► Playlist Title: The Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) Procedure for the Seismic Analysis and Design of Building Structures

Link: Click Here

d) Response Spectrum Analysis Procedure

Available Video Resources:

► Playlist Title: The Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) Procedure for the Seismic Analysis and Design of Building Structures

Link: Click Here

e) Linear Time History Analysis Procedure

Available Video Resources:

► Playlist Title: The Linear Time History Analysis (LTHA) Procedure for the Seismic Analysis and Design of Building Structures

Link: Click Here

► Video Lecture: Selection and Modification of Ground Motion Records for the (Linear or Nonlinear) Response History Analysis of Structures.

Link: Click Here

3) An Introduction to Building Code of Pakistan (BCP) 2022 – Shifting from UBC 1997 to IBC 2021: Implications and Challenges

4) Capacity Design and Ductility Design of Structures

5) Introduction to Performance-based Design Approach

a) PBD Basics and Methodology, Structural Performance Levels and Acceptance Criteria

Available Video Resources:

Playlist Title: Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis for Performance-based Seismic Design of Structures

Link: Click Here

► PSCE Technical Lecture 25: The Scope of Performance-based Seismic Design of Structures in Pakistan

Link: Click Here

► PSCE Technical Lecture 32: Issues and Challenges in Earthquake Risk Reduction in Pakistan

Link: Click Here

b) Tall Buildings Initiative (TBI) Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings (2017)

o Ground Motion Characterization in Performance-based Design

o Modeling and Analysis

o Service-Level Earthquake (SLE) Evaluation

o Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Evaluation

6) Nonlinear Modeling and Behavior of Building Structures

a) A Quick Overview of Linear Elastic Modeling (+ A Hands-on Training on ETABS 2016)

Available Video Resources:

► Playlist Title: Lecture Series on Modeling for Linear Elastic Analysis of Structures [Duration: 17 Hours]

Link: Click Here

b) Fundamentals of Nonlinear Modeling – Distributed and Lumped Plasticity Approaches – Hysteretic Behaviors, Strength Loss, Cyclic Degradation

Available Video Resources:

► Videos 7 to 13 of the following playlist.

Playlist Title: Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis for Performance-based Seismic Design of Structures

Link: Click Here

c) CSI ETABS Demonstration on Fiber Modeling Approach and Plastic Hinge Modeling Approach

Available Video Resources:

► Videos 14 to 30 of the following playlist.

Playlist Title: Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis for Performance-based Seismic Design of Structures

Link: Click Here

d) Hands-on Training Session on “PERFORM 3D” (Nonlinear Modeling of various Structural Components)

7) Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Buildings for MCER Evaluation

a) Hands-on Training Session on “PERFORM 3D” (Nonlinear Modeling of various Structural Components)

b) Interpreting the Dynamic Response and Seismic Performance of Buildings, Understanding the Analysis Results from Nonlinear Time History Analysis

8) Performance Evaluation of Individual RC Components

a) RC Beams and Columns

b) RC Shear Walls

c) RC Foundations

d) RC Diaphragms

9) Structural Performance and Cost Optimization

10) Presentation of Results of Performance-based Seismic Evaluation

Optional Topics (One or two topics may be covered if time allowed):

a) Direct Displacement-based Seismic Design (DDBD) of Structures

b) Nonlinear Static Procedures, NSPs (Pushover Analysis Procedures)

c) Introduction to First-mode based Conventional Pushover Analysis Procedures (Capacity Spectrum Method, Displacement Coefficient Method)

Available Video Resources:

► Playlist Title: Lecture Series on Miscellaneous Topics (with ETABS Demonstrations)

Part 1: Click Here

Part 2: Click Here

► Playlist Title: Pushover Analysis of Building Structures

Link: Click Here

d) Introduction to Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) Procedure and Uncoupled Response History Analysis (UMRHA) Procedure

e) Soil-Structure Interaction

f) Site Response Analysis and Site Amplification Effects

g) Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings and Structures

h) Seismic Loss Estimation of Structural and Non-structural Components

Who Should Attend?

The expected audience for this course includes the following.

· Masters and Ph.D. students

· Structural designers, practicing engineers and consultants

· Architects, planners

· Real-estate developers and owners

Textbooks, References and Reading Material

Textbooks

· Lecture notes provided by instructor

Reference Books

1) T. Pauley, and M. J. N. Priestley, (1992): Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

2) A. K. Chopra, (1995): Dynamics of Structures-Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

3) R. W. Clough, and J. Penzien, (1993): Dynamics of Structures, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2nd Edition.

4) J. W. Smith, (1988): Vibration of Structures: Applications in Civil Engineering Design, Chapman and Hall, London.

5) W. F. Chen and C. Scawthorn (2003), Earthquake Engineering Handbook.

6) T. Y. Lin and S.D. Stotesbury (1988): Structural Concepts and Systems for Architects and Engineers, 2nd edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold.

7) Graham H. Powell (2010): Modeling for Structural Analysis, Computers & Structures Inc.

8) Edward L. Wilson (2000): Three-Dimensional Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures, Computers & Structures Inc.

9) Tall and Super-tall Buildings: Planning and Design (2014): Editor: Akbar Tamboli, Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional, with CTBUH and ICC, ISBN13: 978-0071818711 ISBN: 0071818715

10) James K. Wight (2016): Reinforced concrete: Mechanics and design, 7th edition, Prentice Hall.

11) E. G. Nawy (2009): Reinforced concrete: A Fundamental Approach, 6th edition, Prentice Hall International

12) Arthur H. Nilson, David Darwin, Charles W. Dolan (2005): Design of Concrete Structures, 13th Edition.

13) Bungale S. Taranath (2010): Reinforced Concrete Design of Tall Buildings, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

International Standards/Guidelines

1) TBI (2010): Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings – PEER

2) FEMA 356 (2000): Pre-standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings

3) ATC-40 (1996) Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, USA

4) ASCE/SEI 41-13 (2014): Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings (ASCE/SEI 41-13)

5) Council on Tall Buildings and Urban-Habitat (2008): Recommendations for the Seismic Design of High-Rise Buildings.

6) PEER/ATC-72-1 (2011): Modeling and Acceptance Criteria for Tall Buildings, USA

7) ASCE 7-16 (2017): Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-16)

Research Journals:

1) Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Wiley

2) Engineering Structures, Elsevier

3) The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings

4) Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier

5) Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE

6) ACI Structural Journal, ACI

7) Structural Engineering International Journal, IABSE

8) Magazine of Concrete Research, ICE

Internet Resources

Useful Websites

· http://peer.berkeley.edu/

· https://www.fema.gov/

· www.ctbuh.org

· www.structuralengineering.info

· https://earthquake.usgs.gov/

· http://www.iris.edu/hq/

· http://ds.iris.edu/ieb/

Major Ground Motion Databases

1) USGS Earthquake Catalog

o https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/

2) PEER Ground Motion Database

o https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/site

3) British Geological Survey Database

o http://quakes.bgs.ac.uk/

4) COSMOS Ground Motion Data Center

o http://strongmotioncenter.org/vdc/scripts/default.plx

o http://www.cosmos-eq.org/

5) K-NET and KiK-net, the NIED Strong-motion Seismograph Network Database

o http://www.kyoshin.bosai.go.jp/

Magazines/Articles

· http://www.structuremag.org/

· https://www.istructe.org/thestructuralengineer

· http://ctbuh-korea.org/ijhrb/index.php

· https://www.express.pk/story/968021/

· http://www.technologyreview.pk/the-science-of-earthquakes/

· http://www.technologyreview.pk/12-years-october-earthquake-pakistan-prepared-handle-another-big-one/

Video Playlists

1) Nonlinear Modeling and PERFORM 3D Seminar by Graham H. Powell

Description: Four valuable sessions on nonlinear modeling of structural components + Hands-on training sessions PERFORM 3D.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZD1jsOfCrs

2) Title: “PBD Seminar and Workshop” – AIT Solutions (Youtube Channel)

Description: International Seminar and Workshop on Performance Based Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings – 27-28 August 2013 – Hosted by the Asian Center for Engineering Computations and Software (ACECOMS) in collaboration with AIT Consulting.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLVjfkNRH6tRfSEM1vPIgKeL3tA7PQFAPE

3) Computers and Structures, Inc. (Youtube Channel)

Description: CSI Watch and Learn Video Tutorials

Link: https://www.youtube.com/user/computersNstructures

ETABS:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvfsqlqjBW58i-IZCMASzoAVRT05sKqqo

PERFORM 3D:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL724CE0F99234D56A

4) International Seminar on Design of Tall Buildings – November 2016 (Bangkok)

Description: Hands-on training sessions of different finite element modeling and analysis software (SAP, ETABS, SAFE and PERFORM 3D)

Day 1 (Training on Other CSI Software):

Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYeAciYEtcX3kwpGSMWEtQoepHK9zx6di

Day 2 (Training on PERFORM 3D):

Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYeAciYEtcX2xYSZaymn1mEndagjf-suD

5) Lecture Series on Performance Based Design: State of Practice for Tall Buildings

Description: A full playlist (presentations) from the 2014 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Technical Seminar Series – “Performance Based Design: State of Practice for Tall Buildings”.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgb4NAA-TyU2qGUmtabhMQlMj5riquPVv

6) Talk and Group Panel Discussion on Performance-based Design

Description: Special Talk on PBD by Mr. Ron Klemencic at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand, November 2017.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYeAciYEtcX1E5ranJgvxHQNw9gZio3OU

7) Ashraf Habibullah Talks

Description: CSI founder and CEO Ashraf Habibullah talks during a one-day seminar titled “The theory and practice of Performance-Based Design: The Future of Earthquake Engineering.”

Links:

i. The 4 performance levels in PBD

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgX5SvSqVDA

ii. Nonlinear analysis and energy dissipation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ezi4e9Xscic

iii. Animations in structural engineering

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGa1wzZEUsQ

iv. Strength and deformation of tall structures

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNDcg93j8w4

v. The Advantage of a Ritz Analysis over an Eigen Analysis in Dynamics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E12x8nulJiI

vi. The Power of Virtual Work in Deflection Control of Structures

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkyBlEuCrBE

vii. Optimization in Design of Large Steel Structures

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_AkjQc9gaQ

8) IRIS Earthquake Science (Youtube Channel)

Description: Official YouTube channel of Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology

Link: https://www.youtube.com/user/IRISEnO

Grading Scheme

Instructor

Dr. Fawad Ahmed Najam
Assistant Professor (Structural Engineering)
NUST Institute of Civil Engineering (NICE)

School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE)
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
Cell: 92-334-5192533, Email: fawad@nice.nust.edu.pk

Office No: 118, 1st Floor, NIT Building, SCEE, NUST